Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

QUARRY:
a program to assess the effectiveness of shotgun ammunition
against wildfowl and other quarry


APPENDIX C: Material Densities and Pellet Diameters

Material
Density, g/cc

Bismuth

9.80

Iron ('steel')

7.90

Lead

11.34

Tin

7.30

Tungsten

19.32

Zinc

7.14

The table above gives the density of some materials used or considered for shot. These values are for pure materials: shot materials are commonly not pure, and in some cases there is some substructure such as a carrier/bond matrix (e.g. sintering or embedding resin) or laminations (e.g. coating or electro/hot-plating), usually resulting in a lower density.

The supplied load datafiles use the metric equivalents for nominal British pellet sizes, as follows:

Nominal
size (British)
Equivalent
diameter, mm
9
2.0
8
2.2
71/2
2.3
7
2.4
6
2.6
5
2.8
4
3.1
3
3.3
1
3.6
BB
4.1
A
4.6

The standard nominal sizes differ according to country. Cartridges may be labelled according to some assumed 'equivalent performance', particularly if the pellets are made of a lead-replacement material. Sometimes cartridges are erroneously labelled as to their pellet size. To avoid confusion, always use the true pellet diameter in the program and datafiles.


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Published 22 December 1998
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