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Clun ESA

Aims and objectives

  1. The Clun ESA aims to protect and enhance the traditional farmed landscape and associated wildlife and historical interests through management of characteristic landscape elements such as hedges, woodland and traditional buildings, and the maintenance and enhancement of existing grassland and historic features.
  2. Specific objectives are
    Related tier(s)
1. To maintain and enhance landscape quality through the management of characteristic elements such as hedgerows, traditional buildings, habitat mosaics and field parcels. All, inc. hedgerow supplement
2. To maintain and locally enhance the nature conservation interest of permanent grassland and riparian habitats by sustaining and extending the area under extensive management for the benefit of characteristic flora and fauna. 1B, 2A, 2B, inc. Wet Area Supplement, 3A
3. To protect archaeological and historic features. All
4. To enhance the nature conservation interest of the arable land through Conservation Headlands. 3B
5. To maintain and enhance the nature conservation and landscape interest of small-scale native woodland. 1A, Woodland

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Background to the ESA

  1. The Clun ESA covers an area of approximately 21,000 hectares in the County of Shropshire. It is located on the Welsh Marches and is bounded on three sides by the Welsh Border. It has a predominantly pastoral landscape of gently rolling hills surrounding elevated plateaux. The land use has traditionally consisted of a mixture of beef, sheep and localised arable farming.
  2. The Clun ESA lies within the Shropshire Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The plateau land is covered by a large-scale pattern of mixed grassland with localised areas of arable cultivation. The gently rolling hilltops and valley sides have small-scale field patterns and contrast with the broader valley floors of the Rivers Clun and Teme. There are numerous small areas of ancient semi-natural woodland. Fields are enclosed by long-established hedgerows, often with mature trees. The presence of isolated farmsteads and clustered settlements contribute to a traditional character. The area has been inhabited since ancient times and is rich in historical features, including burial mounds and ancient field patterns. Prior to designation as an ESA many areas of permanent grassland had been ploughed up and the use of other grassland areas had been intensified.
  3. This is a 'whole-farm' scheme which started in 1988. The revised scheme was introduced in 1998 and uptake at the end of 1998 was ca. 15,412 ha.
  4. A priority objective is to maintain and enhance the traditional landscape character of the area by encouraging retention of pastoral farming, promoting sensitive management of hedgerows and protecting historic features. The scheme supports reversion of arable to grassland and now encourages (for both landscape and wildlife reasons) the use of native seed mixtures and measures to improve establishment. Continued hedgerow restoration, and associated protection of hedgerow trees, is encouraged through a supplement, which is compulsory for all agreements.
  5. Another important objective is to maintain and enhance the nature conservation interest of the area. For grassland, the reversion to less intensively managed grassland continues to be encouraged and there is a new supplement for the creation of wet areas to benefit ground nesting birds. There are species-rich hedgerows throughout the ESA and the hedgerow management requirements of the scheme support biodiversity as well as landscape objectives. There is a woodland tier to encourage positive management and natural regeneration of small native woodlands, including upland oakwood, which is a Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) priority habitat.

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Tier 1A - All land

Scheme Prescriptions
  1. Do not increase your area of arable and fodder crops (including ley grasses under 5 years old) beyond the area that they covered on 31 August 1992.
  2. Maintain all hedges using traditional methods and materials. Do not remove any hedges, banks or parts thereof. All stockproof hedges which will be identified on your agreement maps must be kept in a stockproof condition according to local custom.
  3. Maintain watercourses and ditches in rotation by mechanical means not sprays. After drying, spoil must be spread adjacent to the watercourse or ditch. Do not fill in any watercourses or ditches.
  4. Retain any woodland, copses or groups of trees. Agree in writing with the Project Officer and implement a programme to conserve and protect areas of non net-income generating woodland. These will be identified on the agreement map and will receive payment at the woodland maintenance rate. Seek written consent from the Project Officer before planting any woodland.
  5. Do not install any new field drainage system or substantially modify any existing field drainage system so as to bring about improved drainage.
  6. Maintain all ponds and retain wet areas.
  7. Do not damage, destroy or remove any feature of archaeological or historical value or interest.
  8. Do not remove any mounds or infill existing natural depressions.
  9. Maintain any weatherproof traditional farm buildings which you own or for which you are responsible in a weatherproof condition using traditional local styles and materials.
  10. Obtain written advice on siting and materials before constructing buildings or roads or carrying out any other engineering or construction works which do not require planning permission or prior notification determination by the local planning authority.
  11. Sheep dip must be disposed of safely. In particular, it must not be spread where it may affect areas of nature conservation value.
  12. Do not increase your existing application rates of organic or inorganic fertilisers, lime, slag, or any other substance to reduce soil acidity on any field and in any case do not exceed 175 kg per hectare of nitrogen per year as total nitrogen. Do not apply organic fertiliser within 50 metres of a spring, well or borehole that supplies water for human consumption or within 10 metres of a water course. You may only apply farmyard manure and slurry produced on the farm.
  13. You must abide by the Codes of Good Agricultural Practice (Annex IVII) for the Protection of Soil, Air and Water, published by the Ministry (references PB 0617, PB 0618 and PB 0587) as amended from time to time.
Agronomic Impact
  1. Existing stockproof hedges will have to be maintained by hedge trimming and rotational laying/gapping up.
  2. Extra cost of ditch and watercourse maintenance associated with using mechanical means and not sprays.
  3. There will be an additional cost for maintaining hedgerow and streamside trees.
  4. There will be an additional cost associated with obtaining woodland advice for those who have not done so already.
  5. Extra cost of pond maintenance.
  6. Extra cost of maintaining traditional buildings using traditional materials.
Income Forgone Calculation - Tier 1A All land
£/ha Costs Gain
Extra income   0.0
Costs Saved   0.0
Extra costs
Hedge maintenance 18.4  
Ditch maintenance 3.2  
Woodland advice 3.2  
Pond maintenance 1.1  
Building maintenance 1.1  
Tree maintenance 5.4  
Total 32.4 0.0
Income forgone 32.4  
Uptake targets
11,450 hectares
Income forgone
£32.4/ha.
Current payment rate
£30 per ha
Level of Incentive
8.0%
Justification for Incentive
This is one of the major tiers in this ESA. It imposes limits on farming productivity, and the income forgone has fallen in recent years. A reduction was necessary following the 1998 payment review, but we believed that a continued incentive component was justified by the economic circumstances and environmental targets. We believe that this incentive is still justified.

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Tier 1A - Hedgerow restoration supplement

Scheme Prescriptions
  1. Agree in writing and implement a 5 year programme for the restoration through traditional management by replanting, laying, coppicing, gapping-up and back-fencing as necessary, of 10 metres per hectare in total over the period. The programme will include the tagging or planting of hedgerow trees. Payment for this work will be calculated on the basis of the actual length of restoration completed in each year.
Agronomic Impact
  • Costs of gapping up, coppicing and hedge laying.
  • Costs of tree-tagging
Income Forgone

Restoration of non-stockproof hedgerows: £9.79

Tree tagging (10 trees per farm) 21p

TOTAL per metre £10.00

Uptake targets
Mandatory on all Tier 1A land.
Income forgone
£10.00 per metre.
Current payment rate
£6 per metre
Level of Incentive
N/A

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Tier 1A - Woodland maintenance supplement

Scheme Prescriptions

Retain any woodland, copses or groups of trees. Agree in writing with the Project Officer and implement a programme to conserve and protect areas of non net-income generating woodland. These will be identified on the agreement map. Seek Project Officer consent before planting any woodland.

Agronomic Impact

The prescriptions for this tier have the following implications with a significant economic consequence.

Positive management actions of varying descriptions will need to be undertaken over the life of the agreement.

Income forgone calculation - Woodland Tier
£/ha Loss Gain
Income lost
Costs saved
Extra Costs 13.0  
Sub-total 13.0  
Extra income
Total 13.0  
Income forgone 13.0  
Uptake targets to January 2002
40 hectares
Income forgone
£ 13/ha
Current payment rate
£ 15/ha
Level of Incentive
15%
Justification for incentive
Increased costs in management operations.

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Tier 1B - Extensive permanent grassland and rough grazing

Scheme Prescriptions

Observe prescriptions 1-14 (All land) plus additional prescriptions set out below:-

  1. Maintain unimproved grassland and rough grazing and do not plough, level or reseed the land. Do not chain harrow or roll at any time of the year on rough grazing land. On other grassland you may chain harrow or roll but not during the period 31 March and 16 July.
  2. Land currently managed as hay meadow must be identified on your contract map and must continue to be managed as such for the length of your agreement. You must continue to make hay in such fields and not convert to silage production.
  3. Exclude stock from meadows at least 7 weeks before the first cut of hay or silage and by 27 May at the latest. All meadows must be cut and the crop removed. They must not be cut before 16 July. The aftermath must be grazed.
  4. Do not mow or top rough grazing land at any time of the year.
  5. Do not graze any land so as to cause any poaching, overgrazing or undergrazing.
  6. Do not apply any inorganic fertiliser, pig or poultry manure or slurry.
  7. Apply only farmyard manure produced on the farm and do not exceed your existing level of application on any fields. In any case do not use more than 12.5 tonnes per hectare in one application in any three year period. Do not apply farmyard manure during the period 1 April to 31 May. Farmyard manure produced off the farm may only be used with the prior written approval of the Project Officer and must be well rotted.

22. Herbicides may be used only to control nettles, spear thistle, creeping or field thistle, curled dock, broad-leaved dock, ragwort, bracken or for stump treatment of cleared scrub. These weeds must be controlled either by mechanical means or by herbicides. Herbicides may only be applied by weed wiper or spot treatment except for bracken control.

  1. Do not use fungicides and insecticides.
  2. Do not apply lime, slag or any other substance to reduce soil acidity.
  3. Do not erect any new permanent or temporary fences without the Ministry's prior written consent.
  4. Any bracken control must be carried out in accordance with a written programme agreed in advance with the Project Officer and any other necessary consents obtained. This must include adequate follow-up treatment. Where bracken cannot be controlled by mechanical means and a herbicide is necessary then only asulam may be used where application is by means of a boom sprayer (including aerial application). Other herbicides and application methods may be used only in agreement with the Project Officer.
  5. Do not cut or top existing areas of rushes except in accordance with a written programme agreed with the Project Officer. This will encourage the positive management of 'dry rush' areas and prevent further spreading where this is considered to be detrimental to environmental objectives.
Agronomic Impact

The main economic consequences for participants in this tier are as follows:

  1. These prescriptions will all contribute to preventing a farmer improving his grassland and thereby increasing profitability. Approximately 80% of the area could be improved. This improvement would enable stocking rates to be increased from 0.9 GLUs/ha to 1.6 GLUs/ha. Therefore stocking rates are suppressed due to ESA scheme at 0.9 GLUs.
  2. Limits the ability to produce silage, and the late cutting date will result in a forage of poorer feed quality.
  3. Additional costs would be incurred as a result of the need to spot treat weeds.

The prescriptions in particular, items 3 and 4 (hay cutting) are unlikely to have any significant financial implications to farmers within the Clun ESA. The land entered into this tier comprises mainly of steep banky areas which are not suitable for making forage. It is assumed that the area of land in tier 1B identified as hay meadow is <5%, and is ignored for the purposes of this calculation.

Income Forgone Calculation - Tier 1B Extensive Permanent Grassland and Rough Grazing
£/ha Loss Gain
Extra income
Livestock quota leasing   13.5
Sub-total   13.5
Costs saved
Forage costs   45.6
Interest on working capital re: forage   3.3
Interest on working capital re: stock   8.0
Labour costs   9.7
Interest on working capital   17.20
Sub-total   66.5
Extra costs
All land costs 32.4  
Weed control 3.5  
Sub-total 35.9  
Total 142.60 80.0
Income forgone 62.6  
Uptake targets to January 2002
3,280 hectares
Income forgone
£63/ha
Current payment rate
£75/ha
Level of Incentive
19%
Justification for incentive

This tier is aimed at unimproved grassland, with the view to maintaining it in its current state, i.e. preventing agricultural improvement. The prescriptions require extensive management of land entered into this tier, and so prevent the farmer from form realising its' full agricultural productive potential. The IF experienced as a result of entering this tier is composed of conservation costs (as Tier 1A) in addition to a reduction in income per hectare. The gross margin per hectare has fallen since previous reviews. The payment rate was has been reduced following the fall in income forgone. We have minimised this reduction: a greater reduction than this (coupled with the reduction to tier 1A) could result in an overall reduction in annual compensation for some agreement holders.

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Tier 2A Reversion of improved grassland to extensive permanent grassland

Scheme Prescriptions

Observe prescriptions 1-14 (All land) plus additional prescriptions set out below:-

  1. Do not plough, level, reseed or otherwise cultivate your grassland.
  2. Do not apply any inorganic fertiliser, slurry, pig or poultry manure.
  3. Apply only farmyard manure produced on the farm and do not exceed your existing level of application on any fields. In any case do not use more than 12.5 tonnes per hectare in one application in any three year period. Farmyard manure produced off the farm may only be used with the prior written approval of the Project Officer and must be well rotted.
  4. You may use a chain harrow or roller but not between 31 March and 16 July.
  5. Exclude stock from meadows at least 7 weeks before the first cut of hay or silage and by 27 May at the latest. All meadows must be cut and the crop removed. They must not be cut before 16 July. The aftermath must be grazed.
  6. Do not graze any land so as to cause poaching, overgrazing or undergrazing.
  7. Herbicides may be used only to control nettles, spear thistle, creeping or field thistle, curled dock, broad-leaved dock, ragwort, bracken or for stump treatment of cleared scrub. These weeds must be controlled either by mechanical means or by herbicides. Herbicides may only be applied by weed wiper or spot treatment except for bracken control.
  8. Do not use fungicides and insecticides.
  9. Do not apply lime, slag or any other substance to reduce soil acidity.
  10. Do not erect any new permanent or temporary fences.
  11. Any bracken control must be carried out in accordance with a written programme agreed in advance with the Project Officer and any other necessary consents obtained. This must include adequate follow-up treatment. Where bracken cannot be controlled by mechanical means and a herbicide is necessary then only asulam may be used.
  12. Do not cut or top existing areas of rushes except in accordance with a written programme agreed with the Project Officer. This will encourage the positive management of 'dry rush' areas and prevent further spreading where this is considered to be detrimental to environmental objectives.
Agronomic Impact
  1. The combination of these prescriptions will result in a reduction of the stock carrying capacity of the land from 1.6 GLUs/ha to 0.9 GLUs/ha.
  2. The delayed mowing date will result in the reduced feeding value of the crop.
  3. Additional cost of spot treatment
Income Forgone Calculation -Tier 24 Reversion of Improved Grassland to Extensive Permanent Grassland
  Losses Gain
Extra income
Quota leasing   8.0
Sub-total 8.0
Income lost
Loss of livestock gross margin 92.9  
Sub-total 92.9
Costs saved
Forage costs   59.4
Labour   8.6
Interest on working capital re: forage   2.1
Interest on working capital re: stock   7.4
Sub-total   77.5
Extra costs
Weed control 3.5  
Feed costs 8.8  
Grass keep 47.0  
Additional management associated with grass keep 32.4  
All land costs 32.4  
Sub-total 173.7  
Total 266.7 85.5
Income forgone 181.1  
Uptake targets to January 2002
970 hectares
Income forgone
£181/ha
Current payment rate
£110/ha
Level of incentive
N/A

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Tier 2B - Reversion of improved grassland to rough grazing

Scheme Prescriptions

Observe prescriptions 1-14 (All land) and 28-39 (Tier 2A) plus additional prescriptions set out below:-

  1. Do not use a chain harrow or roller at any time of the year.
  2. Do not mow or top at any time of the year.
  3. Do not apply farmyard manure.
Agronomic Impact
  1. The combination of the prescriptions of Tier 1B and 2B - in particular prescription 3 would lead to a further reduction in the stock carrying capacity of the land to 0.4 GLUs/ha.
  2. There will be a cost associated with the purchase of hay since it can no longer be made on this ground.
  3. Need to take grass keep at £250/ha order to avoid overgrazing or reducing stock numbers on the farm in some 40% of cases
Income Forgone Calculation -Tier 2B Reversion of Improved Grassland to Rough Grazing
£/ha Losses Gain
Income lost
Livestock gross margin 142.6  
Sub-total 142.6  
Costs saved
Forage costs   59.4
Interest on forage working capital   2.1
Interest on working capital re: stock   12.7
Sub-total   101.2
Extra costs
Weed Control   3.5
Feed costs   60.5
Grass keep   73.0
Additional management associated with grass keep   78.1
All conservation costs   32.4
Sub-total   247.4
Extra income
Livestock quota leasing   14.7
Sub-total   14.7
Total 390.0 116.0
Income forgone 274.1  
Uptake targets to January 2002
415 hectares
Income forgone
£274/ha
Current payment rate
£190/ha
Level of incentive
N/A

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Tier 3A - Reversion of arable land to permanent grassland

Scheme Prescriptions

Observe prescriptions 1-14 (All land) plus additional prescriptions set out below:-

  1. Cease arable or ley grassland production and establish a new permanent grass sward within twelve months of the start of the agreement using suitable species chosen from an approved list. Agree in writing with the Project Officer before purchase the seed mix to be used. Seed of native origin and local provenance should be used wherever the Ministry considers it appropriate.
  2. During the first 12 months of the agreement do not apply any of the following without obtaining prior approval from the Ministry:
    1. Organic or inorganic fertiliser;
    2. Lime, slag or any other substance to reduce acidity of the soil;
    3. Pesticides.
  3. Cut the grass and remove as hay, but not silage during the first three years following grassland establishment and graze the aftermath with cattle or sheep.
  4. Do not cut the grass before 16 July.
  5. From the start of your agreement you must follow all of the Tier 1A - All land Guidelines.
  6. After the 12 month period you must follow all of the guidelines in Tier 1B plus, in written agreement with the Ministry, those in either Tier 2A or Tier 2B.
  7. You must agree in writing with the Project Officer and implement a programme of nutrient stripping before the required seed mixture is sown.
  8. On grassland reverted from arable, do not exceed an annual average stocking level of 1.4 Livestock Units (LU) per hectare.
Agronomic Impact
  1. Currently 50% of the arable land is in ley grassland stocked at 1.6 GLUS/ha while of the remaining 50%, 95% is in cereal production and 5% in oilseed rape.
  2. The ley grassland is down for a maximum of 5 years. On this land 66% would have been cut for silage.
  3. The new permanent grassland will be grazed at very low stocking rates in early spring. The stock will then be removed and the area shut up for hay. The hay crop will be very light but will be sufficient to release a small part of the existing conservation area for grazing during the hay making period. Once the hay has been made the aftermath will again be grazed.
  4. Restocking following reversion to permanent grass would enable a stocking rate of 0.9 GLUs/ha
Income Forgone Calculation - Tier 3A Reversion of Arable Land to Permanent Grassland
£/ha Losses Gain
Extra income
Livestock gross margin   183.1
Sub-total   183.1
Income lost
Arable gross margin 206.1  
Livestock gross margin 192.3  
Sub-total 398.4  
Costs saved
Fixed costs re: stock   139.3
Fixed costs re: arable   60.6
Quota leasing   38.9
Forage costs   29.7
Interest on working capital re: forage   1.2
Interest on working capital re: arable   6.4
Interest on working capital re: stock   17.4
Sub-total   293.4
Extra Costs ( permanent grass)    
Establishment of grass sward (amortised) 31.3  
Mowing costs 97.2  
Livestock quota leasing 54.9  
Interest on working capital re: stock 20.1  
Labour costs 116.6  
All land costs 32.4  
Sub-total 352.6  
Total 751.0 476.5
Income forgone 274.5  
Uptake targets to January 2002
215 hectares
Income forgone
£274/ha
Current payment rate
£255/ha
Level of incentive
N/A

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Tier 3B - Conservation headlands

Scheme Prescriptions

Observe prescriptions 1-14 (All land) plus additional prescriptions set out below:-

  1. Do not apply any insecticides to the strip except between 31 August and the following 15 March.
  2. Do not apply herbicides to the strip other than:-
    1. tri-allate, diclofop-methyl, difenzoquat, flamprop-m-isopropyl, fenoxaprop-ethyl, tralkoxydim or clodinfop-propargyl;
    2. glyphosate provided it is applied only in the pre or post harvest period;
    3. fluroxypyr provided it is applied by spot treatment and solely for the control of cleavers; or
    4. other herbicides and their method of application which may be approved by the Ministry.
Agronomic Impact

Loss of yield due to weed infestation and aphid damage, slower combining and higher grain cleaning costs. There will be some savings in inputs.

Income Forgone Calculation - Tier 3B Conservation Headlands
£/ha Loss Gain
Income lost
Arable gross margin 65.7  
Sub-total 65.7  
Costs saved
Spray costs   43.2
Fixed costs   19.4
Interest on working capital   1.8
Sub-total   64.5
Extra costs
Fixed costs   19.4
Permitted herbicides   31.5
Interest on working capital re: sprays   0.9
Sub-total   51.9
Total 117.6 64.5
Income forgone 58.40  
Uptake targets to January 2002
10 hectares
Income Forgone
£53/ha
Current payment rate
£60/ha
Level of incentive
13%
Justification for incentive
This tier has been unpopular due to the impracticality of managing headlands in small fields, coupled with what is considered to be an unattractive payment rate. A small incentive element is therefore justified in order to ensure that the target is met.

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Hedgerow restoration supplement

Scheme Prescriptions
  1. In the second 5 years of your agreement the Ministry will make a supplementary payment if you agree in writing and implement a 5 year programme for the restoration to traditional management of hedgerows by replanting, laying, coppicing, gapping and back-fencing. The programme will include the tagging or planting of hedgerow trees which must be protected thereafter. Payment will be calculated on the basis of the actual length of restoration completed in each year.
Agronomic Impact
  • Costs of gapping up, coppicing and hedge laying.
  • Costs of tree-tagging
Income Forgone
  • Restoration of non-stockproof hedgerows: £9.79
  • Tree tagging (10 trees per farm) 21p
  • TOTAL per metre £10.00
Uptake targets to January 2002
210km (of hedgerow restored - includes both hedgerow restoration supplements and Conservation Plan restoration)
Income forgone
£10.00 per metre
Current payment rate
£6 per metre
Level of Incentive
N/A

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Wet area supplement

Scheme Prescription

54.Agree in writing a programme of work including any necessary blocking of drains to impede drainage and fencing to control access by stock on areas agreed with the Project Officer. There should be no stock grazing between 1 April and 30 June.

Agronomic Impact
  1. The supplement will be available on Tiers 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, and 3A. It will be on a partial field basis and it is assumed that the average exclosure area will be <0.25 ha.
  2. Initial work to increase the wetness of the land will incur extra costs, these will be for capital works which is grant aided under the conservation plans at a rate of 50%.
  3. Stock must be fenced out of the area for 3 months of the year. This will involve additional temporary fencing costs, and additional grass keep costs to accommodate the displaced stock.. The magnitude of these consequences will vary according to tier.
  4. There will be an ongoing programme of rush management, as agreed with the Project officer which will result in additional work, and thus a cost.
Income Forgone Calculation - Wetting Supplement (Tiers 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B and 3)
Loss Gain
Extra income
Aftermath grazing   3.7
Sub-total   3.7
Income lost 0.0  
Sub-total 0.0  
Costs saved
Forage costs   41.3
Interest on working capital re: forage   2.1
Sub-total   43.5
Extra costs
Grass keep 217.0  
Fencing enclosure 71.3  
Blocking of Drains 16.2  
Rush management 6.5  
Sub-total 311.0  
Total 311.0 47.1
Income forgone 263.8  
Uptake targets to January 2002
60 hectares
Income forgone
£264/ha
Current payment rate
£150/ha
Level of incentive
N/A

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Woodland tier

Scheme Prescription
  1. Adopt a programme agreed in writing with the Project Officer to enhance the conservation and landscape value of non net-income generating woodland. These will be identified on your agreement map. This will involve making and keeping the woodland stockproof and the carrying out of an ongoing programme of woodland management. Individual areas of woodland below 1 hectare may be entered into this tier.
Agronomic Impact
  1. It is assumed that the size of woodland parcel entered into agreement is 1 hectare, and that the parcel is associated with farms where there is management of 100 ewes which either shelter in or near the wood.
  2. It is likely that the agreed plan will involve making the area protected from stock. This will result in loss of shelter around lambing time which could cause mortality of lambs. Associated with fencing the area off will be a loss of grazing.
  3. The area will require protecting from stock, thus a perimeter fence will be necessary, which can be grant aided under a Conservation plan
  4. There will also be the requirement to carry out ongoing minor maintenance woodland work , and some tree surgery
Income Forgone Calculation - Woodland Tier
Loss Gain
Extra Income   0.0
Sub-total   0.0
Income lost
Lamb mortality 26.4  
Sub-total 26.4  
Costs Saved   0.0
Sub-total   0.0
Extra costs
Fencing (amortised) 50.8  
Feed costs 14.3  
Sub-total 70.5  
Total 96.9 0.0
Income forgone 96.9  
Uptake targets to January 2002
40 hectares
Income forgone
£97/ha
Current payment rate
£100/ha
Level of incentive
3.0%

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Page last modified: 17 August, 2005
Page published: 10 December, 2002

Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs