Defra

We can all help to cut air pollution. Here are some simple hints. These are especially important when pollution levels are high.

On the road

Road vehicles are a major source of air pollution in urban areas - they are responsible for over half the nitrogen dioxide emissions and over 75% of carbon monoxide in the UK

• Avoid using your car for short journeys - 2.5km or less
• If possible, don't use your car at all during periods of high pollution
• Start your engine only once you are ready to move off
• Don't rev the engine unnecessarily
• Drive smoothly. Heavy braking and rapid acceleration means you use more fuel and increase pollution
• Keep to the speed limit
• Maintain your car. Keep the engine properly tuned and the tyres at the right pressure
• Use public transport whenever you can

Further Information

A leaflet 'Air pollution - what it means for your health' is also available from:
Defra Publications
Admail 6000
London
SW1A 2XX

Tel: 08459 556000
Email: defra@cambertown.com

An information pack on air pollution and health is also available from the
Department of Health.

Summer Smog

Caused by mixture of pollutants from:

• road vehicles
• fuels used to provide electricity and heating in offices, factories and homes
• vapours from petrol and certain industrial premises

Formed by:
Action of sunlight on these pollutants forms low-level ozone close to the ground

When:
On hot sunny days

Where does it occur:
In urban areas -
nitrogen dioxide and particles

In rural and suburban areas -
mainly ozone and particles

Winter Smog

Caused by mixture of pollutants from:

• road vehicles
• fuels used to provide electricity and heating in offices, factories and homes

Formed by:
Pollutants building up at ground level in urban areas. The 'lid' of cold air above the warm air traps the pollutants

When:
On cold, calm days, often after a clear, cloudless night and an early-morning frost or mist close to the ground

Where does it occur:
In urban areas